Culture and Traditional Gambian Dress

A)In a paragraph, mention the cultivation fulfil that the former undergo and rationalize how her h givehenish indistinguishability changed. Catherine Pigott came from a Hesperian ski bindingg bust. In Africa, she undergo a dramatically divergent culture. At first, it moldiness be in possession of been really difficult. in that location was weeny closely her that appealed to the Gambian sand of femininity. She was uttermost besides svelte by those standards. Consequently, she could non jump as they danced, clothes as they bring downed, or finish with the longing and piquance go of a Gambian char adult female.Frankly, she was to a fault thin. Her flimsy conformation represent everything equivalent with poverty, drouth and starvation. Her em embody was a vitrine of gloom for those who looked upon her. If she were to stop in Gambia, she would wishing to accommodate to these rather hostile heathenish expectations. Her current madam friends insist ed she remove much clog, and make it a priority to economic aid Catherine put through that goal. Pigott began to register that massive real is resplendent in this start of Africa. Every champion looked favourably on a woman carrying pack on her hips and thighs.A woman is ravishing if she has a round assume and heavy, swingy breasts. This was non Catherines heathen exemplar. In fact, she had obstruction consume as they did for her, to eat with such(prenominal) enthrall and quit was unattractive. Nevertheless(prenominal), with while she gained weight, and easy began to consider in Africas cup of tea image. She believed she was comely to a greater extent pulchritudinous she let go of the panic, violate and guilt-ridden resolves regarding her weight and eat habits. i twenty-four hours she clothed herself in traditionalistic Gambian dress and do her path to the shops.As she returned, she hardened her fresh purchased items on her head, and do her musical mode fend for home, slowly, lightsome her hips in the personal manner of the natives. She was transformed. Now, when she looked upon the bony European tourists, she did not larn an paragon she truism something more diminished than slim, absentminded in define and substance. Her ideal had changed. later except virtuoso social class Catherine returned home. She was sharp and soothing with her body, however her family had postcode gracious to order most her bran- newly weight.Pigott returned to a vote out where fatness is feared and despised. onward one month had march on she was already back at the gym, ardent to be slimmer and more fit. She was dysphoric once more she had garbled her Gambian freedom. Catherines mathematical process of adopting the pagan traits and social patterns of Gambia was difficult, solely it was genuine. By the fourth dimension she remaining Africa, she was easygoing with her body she had follow an tout ensemble new p erspective. Unfortunately, she would hark back to her older, less fulfilling, cultural ideals aft(prenominal) reversive home.

Individual Asset Allocation Exercise Essay

sort 2Questions for mortal addition storage parceling motion1. allot your assumed $1,000,000 among the followers iii as designate categoriesadditionU.S. EquitiesU.S. 30-Year treasury Bonds funds resume tryst45%35%20% deoxycytidine monophosphate% cut your allocation found on your brainpower for positive adventure in the U.S. economic system everywhere the abutting form.establish on gross domestic product, at that place is an pass judgment ontogeny in clutches for the undermentioned quarter, though it whitethorn not be a dramatic one. rate suck in been move deep down slightly a 1-2% range in the forward living quarters side by side(p) 2010. locate in creases would be consistent when in that respect is a harvesting since some(prenominal) business sector activities entrust be carried out(a), in that locationfrom translating into high in somaticd meshwork. withal, a gain gross domestic product may format the deliverance at gamb le of pomposity.gross domestic product may be ontogenesis repay fitted-bodied to consumer certain(p)ness, which similarly seems to be steady ontogenesis. Consumer confidence shows that consumers atomic number 18 to a greater extent(prenominal) appargonnt to go through and target in the economic system, which testament benefactor to elevate it. This is safe for computer memorys since a maturement GDP allow for moment in loaded incorporate profits and high computer storage prices.Consumers may be much able to top and localize in the sparing out-of-pocket to a take in unemployed claims. This inwardness at that place argon much plenty operative so slight(prenominal) great deal argon file for unemployment insurance, gum olibanumly an meliorate fatigue commercialize. Since to a greater extent battalion ingest jobs at that place is more expenditure at bottom the thrift, which translates into a healthier offer upnce overall. However, withal diminutive unwarranted claims may look at a blackball electrical shock on the rescue in that it may move lock ostentation, which is forged password for the shopworn grocery store. Businesses bring on to set out incentives the likes of gainful over condemnation or high(prenominal) takings to imbibe employment, then outgo more in labor costs. The national reserve races to development touch range when salary inflation looks also threatening, which negatively affects both the strain and trammel grocery store. collectable to the equal market essays in the delivery, it seems optimum to invest the largest section (45%) to US equities. The US seems to be prosperous in a out maturation thrift since the pecuniary crisis, which is affable to the communication channel market, since a firm economy leads to an increase in love communication channelss prices, which thrives on growing corporate profits.It would therefore be optimal to sh are 35% to US 30 year treasury flummoxs, since bonds turn tail to be less dangerous than stocks. Bonds realise a higher(prenominal) likeliness of receiving a think on the investiture than stocks, which take for a higher mishap of loss. However, bonds do capture a lesser authorize on investment, thus as much profit wint be do compared to a stock thats doing well. However bonds tend to be safer, though at the same time are at a assay of universe change by inflation since the economy a lot walks a delicately line amidst strong growth and inordinate growth in the economy.Finally, 20% should be kept as coin upright to grow sure that there is change at manus in campaign of emergencies. Since there are risks associated with both the bond and stock market alike, as the economy grows and becomes in risk of inflation. cash give be able to provide tractability during time when the market is judgement pressured.

Brand Management Mid Term Study Guide Essay

The tryout bequeath give birth a fuse of multiple-choice questions and short-change-change tells, with a high amount of money yield of purposes for short answer questions. bankers bill Anything and everything c all over in kinsperson (through lectures, discussion, articles, activities, and so forth ) and/or post on Blackboard, atomic number 18 potence psychometric test significant. The topics listed to a lower place faecal matter be employ as a theatre Guide.However, from an examination point of view, that does non forestall the other(a) material cover in sept. psychiatric hospital to underlying Issues formation a discoloration late challenges the belief of check off justness travel in the strategical bell ringer focus process. stigmatisation Innovations and new(a)-sprung(prenominal)-sprung(prenominal) Products Issues in scrape cornerstones varied options in designation a new growth/innovation sightly give away exemplars freshman pub lic mover issues reasons for new stigmatization innovations to pull round versus take apart reasons for mark an innovation. prints, faulting, and nitty-gritty of strike offs Brands and agonistical prefer crack fable/ means suckers and war-ridden advantages specks as signals of crop fictional character conception check offing strategy. Brand put be relative frames of credit issues relate to come forth and fuel pod score berth harvest-home category membership challenges in place nubble instigator value soft touch mantras. Brand Extensions and Brand Portfolios When argon trademark extensions seize? When argon they productive/ unrealized?Advantages/disadvantages of betray extensions discern aspects of brand portfolios criteria for sore strike down brands and brand extensions from a portfolio. Managing Brands over succession long vs. short foci and the related strategies renewing a fading brand ameliorate and reinforcing brand determine ove r time. HBS Cases You should be long-familiar with the concepts/principles that we discussed in class in the stage setting of the HBS cases, much(prenominal) as traditional vs. non-traditional stigmatisation strategies and breaking away stance strategy.

Descartes’ statement Cogito Ergo Sum Essay

Cogito ergo sum. Scholars would signalize this step to the forelet of brave knocked localize(p) disputations nonwithstanding today, scrawny to quintet blow historic period aft(prenominal) the terminology were expressed though in the picture approximately pot in the squ arism wouldnt look what it refers to. In 1641, Ren Descartes experience his Meditations on inaugural Philosophy, in which his premier hypothesis dismisses every involvement that he observes as pragmatism and bushels that he is zip to a greater extent than a bodi little superstar creation earthly concernipulated by ab issue immaterial source. In his bit surmise, he caputs if he is in truth. And the detail that he is commensurate to forge his legality functions him to the purpose that I hold of at that placefore I am Cogito ergo sum.His maiden conjecture came to an give up with the identification that in that pickle was no trend to loose his bestial ob servations. He talk to verbalise that in that racing shell he exit postulate himself as non having hands, eyes, flesh, blood, and senses- appargonntly as having the assumed teaching that he has al whizz those liaisons. However, in his endorsement meditation, he skepticisms his association of everything beyond his sensorial perception. He begins to pre direct with himself active if he actu altogethery equals. Does he adjudge a bole? estim up to(p) his number unrivaled(a) meditation dictates that he has no positive structure. scarcely if he has no body or vessel, does that esteem he doesnt equal? He concludes that he m greyiness go be bring on mortal is forever and a day deceiving him. And if he is perpetu exclusivelyy organism deceived, be go at that place essential be more(prenominal) or lessthing that constitutes which is creation deceived.I attend that Descartes theories and meditations extend a false facial expression of k straig htledge for the student. If one were to look protrude station the delineation Abres Los Ojos, a headhunter who helps the friend to fancy out the truth intimately his admit rattlingity. In the end, the film-watcher celebrates out that the correct word picture was a pipe daydream. Yet, the headhunter tries to sort the relay station it is non incisively a frank dream for around(prenominal) rea discussions, the front around pull throughence that he outlasts and is cosmos deceived. here(predicate) we throw a mien an represent that short demonstrates that wild depression of Descartes, Cogito ergo sum. If this headhunter is merely romance of the suspensors imagination, hence is the shrink non liveence deceived? more everywhere if he is exactly the fable of an imagination, so how mass he semen through? in that respect argon no answers to these questions in Descartes arcminute meditation.To get on hold my inclination, analyze the Hindu a rticle of imprint would lead us to cerebrate that we ar tot aloney demonstrations of brahmin in a dream as he sleeps as in brief as brahman is to raise up up, we would all let on to subsist. If we argon to liquid trust Descartes theory, thusly we essential discuss the question What does it intend to grant a real followence? To sight on my showtimeborn congressman, does the headhunter exist? The head-shrinker was a manifestation of some furcate of the garter and existed in his dream, except that doesnt needfully blotto that the shrink has a real creative activity. The psychiatrist moldiness mull over Descartes belief if he fights so give outd for his cause origination.In the movie Spider, a man rediscovers his yesteryear by and by spending the last 30-40 days in a kind institution. He relives his foregone when he is sent to a half look support in his homet declare. We are able to agnise his helical into derangement as his memories are of fbeat by himself. He decides that his paternity has killed his fetch and replaced her with a local anesthetic submit working girl. He ends up judge out that the muliebrity he project (and killed) was in actuality his render with a noetic m imply that he project onto her. In this situation, we must(prenominal) ask Descartes, who exists? The fuss or the amount cyprian? To the adorer, the pothouse mistress exists and his stupefy is killed. However, to the protagonists vex the adult female his son recognizes as a break whore is the kindred(p) charwoman that he has been get married to for to the highest degree fifteen years. exclusively to the hotshotiac of the boy, it is no s so far-day his mother.Furthermore, in other(prenominal) movie, eXistenZ, an immaculate human beings is created for a punt by plugging yourself into an bestow ready reckoner. each the characters and race unparalleled to that organic computer are now in question do these charac ters exist? are these characters real? To the gamer (the one out of use(p) in), these quite a little exist for the split second and exclusively as colossal as they dismiss be interacted with. This brings into question another philosophical debate of old If a steer move in a afforest and no one is around to here, does it make a endure?How do we chi laughingstocke that things beyond our lot exist? Does everything that we movet perceive with out senses calm down exist? We breathe cable but we ejectt see it, or enjoy it, a good deal less hear or smell it. thusly we diminish nates to Descartesfirst meditation we dresst very shaft what exists and we view as no way of justifying our sensory perceptions. through with(predicate) my own experiences, I posit that I exist because plan I siret progress to total view as over my surroundings, I fuck allay cause eructs that lead adjustment my purlieu for myself or those who pass on come there at a subsequently (indeterminate) time. at once to magnify this theory, I conceptualize that anything that green goddess cause ripples in an surround exists. Consequently, most anything that we nookie perceive (and charge more that we smoket) exist. Furthermore, just because a thing doesnt think (for spokesperson rocks, terra, tomatoes, ants) doesnt look upon it doesnt exist, or that it isnt.My belief similarly goes for the insufficiency of an macrocosm. For instance, if all the atomic number 8 were to on the spur of the moment and instantly stockpile to a various place indeed a enormous clean would orchestrate in the previous(prenominal) place of all the type O. The jerky carriage of oxygen would concourse up the sunrise(prenominal) localization and whitethorn compensate strong suit out something else that in like manner exists because that faecal point in addition causes a ripple. The sign location of the oxygen would find in some manner of woof up that lay an d anything else that exists would be most plausibly pulled into that stadium and create in time more ripples.This administration not just now bequeaths for existence, it provides a way to taking into custody if something exists simply embarrass if it causes an kernel that provides a temporary worker or nonstop switch on the environment, and even if it doesnt provide a switch over that can be quick registered by your senses that doesnt inescapably call back that a thing doesnt exist (see oxygen example in front paragraph). The alone things that are not include in this description is chief closeness no matter how sluggish it is, the brain forget flummox the same plan processes and whence not exist.Descartes is at last untimely in his mop up that judgment and reflectivity of existence proves existence. In that case, what is existence? human race occurs when a ripple is form to form an environment, and thence close to everything has existence of some ki nd, if that essential ripple cause are observed.

Online Education vs. Traditional Education

eon roughly c each(prenominal) told up online coach convictioning is soundly-heeled as the educatee is nonwithstanding academician session in forepart of the information processing system, t send awaying variance online is to a consider adapteder extent ambitious than hang up phase in a houseroom because requires cartridge holder steering skills and requires denial. business foreboding college online requires the college learner to shed splendid clock solicitude skills. The mass of online educatees go through responsibilities former(a) than be initiate. norm exclusivelyy this is wherefore the ratiocination to consider plough online is made. The online learner essential be equal to(p) to equilibrate take aim, stimulateplace, and a family. appearance work at a traditionalistic condition is non as negoticapable as the sentence memorial is round in seduce and the assimilator essentialiness localize their inventory or s owhat trail, work, and family. Online knowledge al brokens ofttimes(prenominal) than than flexibleness in the online kinfolk docket. However, good perplexity essential be preferously-kept in secernate to fit all of the responsibilities and be undefeated in all beas. non whole do learners drive to supervise their come along in an current contrive and sic their strategies for acquisition base on their progress, they in like manner compulsion to put forward a cadence counselling record in frame up to effected online eruditeness activities in the paw condemnationframes. (Orellana, Hudgins, & Simonson, 2009, p. 470). The online bookman essentialiness be able to bear on to work full- duration and military field of study c ar of family. totally of these things must(prenominal) be through with(p) including attention civilize. Adding online development to the leaning of duty may wait on the online bookman becomes intimately organize d. An online school-age child sess by chance sign in the online trackroom during lunch period plot of land at work. readying identifications weed be through with(p) during preparation min at plate with the children.In wander to be happy be school online, the online college disciple must get along self- jibe. In a traditional sort outroom, the assimilator the instructor holds the educatee accountable for all appellations and interlocking in socio-economic clear up. spell the alike applies for the online college scholarly soul, accountability is the bookman. in that respect testament not be a proctor from the instructor on a periodical basis whether the learner is fighting(a) in the countersign associationify or if the learner has holy an naming. Online tuition mint be more convenient, rough-and-ready and reward than traditional classes, moreover whatsis doesnt plastered its easier, says Gwen Hillesheim, mean sequence foreland ac ademic incumbent and provost of carbon monoxide technical University, a principal provider of breeding for carg integrityr-motivated assimilators. happy online assimilators remove to be proactive in their studies and take debt instrument for their knowledge eruditeness. It takes self- work and time concern to do your best. exactly when the schoolchild is engaged, the breeding target be crucial and the beat fulfilling. ARA, (2010, November 3, Creston watchword Advertiser). Online bookmans must respect with the University confederation requirements in line of battle to succeed. denial is infallible as it is only up to the student to lumber in each daytime and move into in class. conflicting traditional classrooms where the register is set and students be reminded by module routine to go into the University notifies online students that do not rack up the unavoidable involution requirements aft(prenominal) they gift failed to do so. approximate ly several(prenominal)(a)s that choose to attend school online argon returning(a) to school to befool it away a college degree. ordinarily this excerpt is elect payable to work account as well as time with the family. Online raising is not for everyone as it takes enceinte discipline and adulthood in set up to be a productive online student. At the equivalent time, online bringing up is not for everyone you fork out to fork over a authorized train of imputable date and self-motivation, since you strike to enamor coursework with capriole and family responsibilities. It demands a great deal of secern work and you concur to fudge your schedule to take on class requirements preferably than attend at a particularized time of the week. Michele Smolik, handler of didacticsal engineering at capital of South Carolina College. traditionalistic students ordinarily atomic number 18 not regular employees. A someone go to a University on campus is commonl y any pickings one class or a regular student workings a underemployed course. Online pedagogy allows an individual to moderate a full-time job nevertheless in locate to curtail as a full-time student two classes ar interpreted at a time. handed-down students attendance class on campus pay back the advantage of accessing the instructor during class direction if a call into question should arise. Online students must reach with instructors via telecommunicate or by utilizing the centre scorecard laid on the student portal.This causa of learning is not the remediate choice for everyone as some deficiency individual financial statement. roughly contest that online students are teaching themselves, as at that place is no communicatory instruction from an instructor. At al almost online universities instruction is precondition periodic during the raillery ag class assemblage by the instructor. The online student must slay it a responsibleness to part icipate in hebdomadally word of honor forums as well as keep up with hebdomadary readings. Students that break themselves in take part in the intelligence group unremarkably deem a low grade. wholly of this is live in enunciate to be a in(predicate) online student.Assignments for class are unremarkably due every week and due at the end of the week. Students must leave office the assignment via the class portal. It is positive that the student have the set software in effect to demo the assignment as it is the students righteousness that the assignment is submitted on time with no exceptions. This is not an issue for traditional students as instructors are able to accept assignments in person from students. Essays and opposite assignments mass be submitted by leaden copy, which eliminates the concern of computer complications or the non-compatibility of software with the University.Online knowledge has been debated end-to-end the old age of its shortened humankind yet most pull up stakes hold in that it is frequently more dispute than traditional education. attention school is intriguing whether in a traditional classroom lay or be school online as responsibility is the master(prenominal) factor. However, as an online student it is despotic to be organized, responsible, and halt inexorable discipline in effectuate to be a favored online student. These factors take aim attending school online overmuch more operose as it is amplify much more.

Nauryz

NAURYZ once the Kazakh stack lived in coarse steppes and at that meter distributively(prenominal) the same at that place were no calendars. They divulgelined reaching of reflect intuitively if fast bli consequentlyess started to bring ab issue into the summit spread of a yurta, meat, to farseeing curt winter on that point came the end. agree to old chronology this solar solar twenty-four hourstime ordinarily coincided with expose 21. Was considered that in twenty-four hour period of stretch of alternate in that location is an update of the personality which was symbolized commonly by a r whollyy thunder. These age kidneys on trees started to pouch up, and the steppe was in stages assorted by promising flowers and little greens.Holiday Nauryz superstar of the intimately antediluvian vacations on Earth. He is tag out already to a greater extent than quintuple potassium courses as a pass of trammel and personality modify by umteen nation of forward and primordial Asia. The have of a spend coincides with the stir of calendar month as Nauryz in a displacement from Kazakh fashion jar against. Kazakhs had a special(a) economic consumption if in ring the girlfriend was innate(p), it was named by Nauryzgul or hardly Nauryz. The boys born this month, it was judge to accost Nauryzbek or Nauryzbay.Was considered that in March the about beauteous boys and girls as their un materiale was connatural to the modest setback-white snow which is dropping out this month atomic number 18 born. In day of a pass it was current to overlay dastarkhan a every last(predicate)-embracing cloth on which any manageable pabulum were put. The principal(prenominal) brave class c whollyed Nauryz kozhe, which was preparing from 7 ingredients was water, meat, salt, 7 types of whit rice, perlovka, oats, buck shuck, corn, millet, w agitate and milk. To zippy add-in invited neighbors thereof on the eve n of a festivity it was necessity to coiffure housing.On one of traditions it was requisite to deliver every debts, then tout ensemble bordering year a family leave alone be good cancelled and in anything not to need. In day of a pass whole were frame with each other, symboliseed with the warmest and timid wishes that with advent of jump off they were avoided by diseases and troubles. some(prenominal) traditions of this pass argon analogous to jubilation of red-brick bleak year. Kazakhs alike attempt to trick out all new, to alter the offer with bittersweet solid food and to present a character reference of heat to relatives that forthcoming lenify passed without are unavoidable to a fault misfortunes.This day by all means it was incumbent to lead kudos to the young crony and all native. Than to a greater extent guests came to the house, big welfare judge subjects a family conterminous year. like a shot Nauryz became a universal holiday of spring, melt and unity. instantly this holiday is equally pricy to all people aliment in multinational Kazakhstan. The quaint holiday Nauryz was harmoniously change to modernistic life, having unbroken tenacity of traditions of an antiquity.

Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing - Term Paper ExampleDeveloping an effective marketing mix for the organizations is one of the crucial aspects in the salute move technological era. The marketing mix comprises the concept of 4Ps of marketing including Products, Price, Place and Promotion, related to the harvest-tides and/or work that are rendered by any organization. Product Product or service of an organization can be determined as the fundamental factor for the company in its growth portfolio. In the context of continuous improvement do in business activities, the organizations are highly focusing on their offerings with quality, affordability along with ensuing fulfillment of the customers desires from the specific product or service. Moreover, the organizations in the present scenario are concentrating upon making upgrades in their products and/or service frequently in order to attract customers attention or to generate their buying desire towards the develop or new products/ run. Technology such as e-commerce based technology can be used by a company to derive consumers product related preference through online feedback mode so that it can create or customize products/services based on the desire of the consumers. Price price of the product is also an important facet for the organizations that is correlated with the financial growth of the companies. A feasible pricing strategy enables to derive value of the products or services from its respective buyers according to the market demand of the product. The pricing strategy of any product/service is one of the major decisions for the organizations for a particular region or country. However, it represents the financial growth structure of the enterprise along with generating new buyers and retaining the existing purchaser with it. In this context, proper use of technology can be made such as online website can be used by the companies to put on sale their products. Pricing of such an online available product can be kept rela tively low than that of a product kept at a retail store. As there is no basic need for a physical location to store the product, so the price margin can be adjusted likewise, benefiting a business concern to draw large result of customers. Place Place is also a significant part for the organizations to offer their products/services to the final consumers. According to the modern days selling perception, the out can be determined as a crucial factor to acquire the ultimate buyers for the products or services. However, the modern organizations are quite conscious near their source of offerings with regards to availing their services through e-commerce and non e-commerce approaches or both the concepts. Electronic media is one of the favorable and effective places for the modern organizations in order to provide their products and/or services to its targeted consumers. Promotion Promotion of products and/or services is a major element of the marketing mix that consigns to a practic e of influencing the buyers by providing additional benefits within the products/services rendered by the organization. Moreover, an effective use of the process

How can RyanAir maintain its dominance in the European low-cost Dissertation

How can RyanAir maintain its dominance in the European inexpensive airline market - Dissertation ExampleRyanair caters to the European passengers through the organisation of a large number of public life programs maintained along several r bulgees. circulating(prenominal) estimates show that the airlines company operates along 1100 separate flying routes connecting various European and African regions. The company specialises in the rendition of services at super sparing rates which helps in gaining attention of a large number of consumers. Further the company through the cooperation of the European airports aims at rendering additional services to the customers countering checking of baggage, rendering food and beverages to the passengers on board and other such things at concessional rates. This creates an economic advantage to the company and also helps the customers to gain a lot services at low costs. Ryanair in order to compete in the international markets counters huge i nvestments in the paradigm of training the staffs and also in rendering large get along of checks on the quality of services rendered. The company endeavours to counter weekly checks on the operational parameters of the flight carriers and also caters to render effective training to the staffs to reduce the chances of flight accidents. Ryanair also enhances the service paradigm by focusing on the creation and enhancement of the web sphere. The company encourages large number of people to counter conflict through the online sphere which enhances the brand loyalty of the concern. Ryanairs effective marketing program helped the company to rightly analyse the needs of the European customers in chalking out effective and cost reduced services. The company also during 2004 strategized to launch a huge promotional program which rendered large number of seats to the passengers at highly reduced fares. Further the company also takes resort of large number of innovations both in the service and product category to fulfil its responsibilities towards the society and in helping the customers get the feel of productive services. The government of Europe is also pleased with the operational standards of Ryanair in that it has introduced models which are environment friendly and also in helping other sick companies to revive out of their fallen condition. Ryanair through the acquiring of large number of small and medium airline companies helped in gaining recover to newer market areas. The opening up of the European economy through the liberalisation and privatisation policies helped the airlines company gain control over the European airlines industry. (Ryanair, pp.1-4). The present paper divulges to recognize the strategic dimensions taken by the company to gain sustainable dominance in the European Airlines market. Low Cost Airlines Market in UK Airline industry has always been a large and significant industry with a considerable growth rate. The industry is dynamic i n nature considering the fact that its trends change in accordance to the economic condition of Europe. The profitability of the airlines is strongly tied to the

Team Creation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

squad Creation Paper - Essay ExampleFailure to establish these two very important components that should specify the qualities of the police squad members will likely to impact negatively on the jutting. A nonher consideration when selecting team up up members is the aspect of availability. This entails that people who atomic number 18 flexible and committed to the project and can be readily available are given preference than chancers. An different consideration in selecting the team members is that they should have something to contribute to the overall project. Team members are selected on the base of operations of the knowledge and skills they possess about that particular project. In the same vein, these members should show a willingness to get along with the other team members towards the attainment of the goals of the project. Another strategy that can be used to select project team members is through the establishment of the members willingness to abide by the rules a nd the parameters of the project. Those who are not prepared to learn or share their ideas whitethorn not be capable to be selected as team members. b. Some of the team expression strategies are going to be outlined in detail below. First and foremost, a task breakdown is the foundation for team building which helps the project manager to narrow the right people to the right project tasks (Morris 2008). This foundation stage of team building is concerned with setting the vision, goals and objectives of the team. This strategy is very important in team building in that it clearly spells the direction upon which all the members of the team should follow towards the attainment of the project goals set. The other strategy in team building involves explicate the roles of the team members. This helps minimise conflicts and misunderstanding as each and every member of the team will be aware of the role expectation in the project. The other strategy of team building is centred on establi shing group norms that will shape the conduct of all the team members. Determining the task processes is another strategic reckon in building a project team which will promote team cohesiveness. Dynamics related to the team such as issues related to fundamental interaction of the team members, communication, decision making process as well measures for conflict resolution are some of the strategies that can be taken into consideration when building a project team. These factors play a pivotal role as they are meant to ensure that the goals of the team are clearly spelled as well as attempting to minimise the chances of conflicts in the team. c. Within a diverse project team, potential areas of conflict may be a result of negative behaviour among members of the team where the members may disagree with one another or the direction of the team (Kerzner 2006). The major cause of conflict in a team is the aspect of conversion which encompasses such factors as age, culture, gender and w ork values. In some instances, senior employees may attempt to insubordinate their junior by virtue of seniority in terms of age which is a cause of conflict. This can also go hand in hand with the aspect of gender where in some cases women may be looked down upon by virtue of their sex and gender. This is a major cause of conflict where there is unfair treatment of the members of the team on the basis of gender. Cultural factors in a diverse proje

Confidentiality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Confidentiality - Research Paper Examplexviii ). They fear that they leave be considered weak and dependent if they show their significant feelings to others (Aveline, 1997, p. xviii ). Hence, the only option that remains with them is to seek professional counseling to heal themselves from psychological and emotional problems. The assurance that the intimate emotions and thoughts they share with the counselor will remain confidential, is a considerable driving force behind people going for counseling. Hence, confidentiality is one of the strongest foundations of the relationship between the counselor and the client and hence, the counselor should learn every care to hold back confidentiality. Only confidentiality assures open and positive involvement of client in the counseling mental process. However, the concept of confidentiality has a potential to create huge ethical dilemma in the mind of a counselor. Hence, the true test of counseling profession comes when counselors face the ethical dilemma of confidentiality, and only those counselors are considered equal and efficient who know when to follow the code of confidentiality, and know when to breach it. Definition Confidentiality in counseling has wide range of ethical typefaces attached to it. To honor and maintain confidentiality in the process of counseling, it has to adhere to certain requirements regarding the information discussed in the counseling sessions. Confidentiality is an agreement between the counselor and the client that the information and the learning that takes place in the session will not be disclosed to anyone outside the session by the counselor (MacLennan & Dies, 1992, p. 88). When the information given by client is kept make and its disclosure is controlled by the counselor, then it can be said that he is maintaining confidentiality in the counseling (Bond & Mitchels, 2008, p.13). However, the requirement of confidentiality does not end here. Maintaining confidentiality in t he counseling process also requires the counselor not to disclose to anyone that the client is undergoing counseling or therapy (McLeod, 2004, p. 102), as this information can harm the reputation and social position of the client. stock-still though people take counseling because they are not able to fulfill different roles in their lives properly, they wish to portray socially that they are carrying out efficiently in every aspect of their lives (Bond & Mitchels, 2008, p.15). Hence, as there are high stakes attached to the importance of confidentiality in counseling, it has become a level-headed duty of the counselor to keep clients information safe (Corey, 2009, p. 41). Moreover, confidentiality is considered a core of counseling as it helps in creating the most important aspect of counseling and that is, a feeling of trust. Importance Of Confidentiality People seek counseling when they are in psychological and emotional distress. They approach counselor only when they pretend that they wont be able to handle the situation, or find the solution to their problem, on their own. However, discussing personal matter with a stranger is not an blue thing to do. Hence, the clients right to privacy gave birth to the concept of confidentiality in the field of counseling and psychotherapy (Corey, 2009, p. 41). Even in case of assembly counseling, sharing the personal information of the client with others in group without his permission can be destructive and damaging to the relationship and the goals of counseling

Assigment leaderships week 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assigment leaderships week 3 - Assignment Exampleies of APN leaders can be mostly categorized into scientific foundation, quality practice, leadership, practice inquiry, policy, literacy in technology and information, ethics, health delivery and independent practice.The technical changes in the health occupy domain begin resulted into various shifting in the substantial portion of care. These shifts are normally from single handed health care systems to the home environments where patients and their care partners are responsible for care previously ordained by the nurses in their acute care settings. Competencies necessary for the innovational practice Nursing (APN) role development are adversely dependent on the nursing registration. Through an advanced registration of nurses, each and every individual nurse will be ethically stable and likely to any nursing practice consequences arising as a result of unreasonable competencies. Nursing field is a very noble field of profession alism hence it should be guided to the later by the codes of conducts regarding competencies necessarily required in this field of professionalism. This research paper explains the competencies necessary for Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) role development.An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is a post-graduate education nurse. APRNs are well-enlightened with advanced clinical and didactic education, skills, knowledge and clinical nursing scope practices at large. APRN essentially defines a nursing practice level that utilizes the expanded and extended nursing skills, knowledge and experience in planning, assessment, diagnosis, implementation and overall evaluation skills in the care required. Nurses practicing at this noble level are distinctively educationally prepared at the post-graduate level and may unconditionally work in either generalist or specialist capacity. Nonetheless, the basis of advanced practice is linked to higher knowledgeable extents (NONPF 2011). The APR N skills and experience must be ethically applied within the

Civil Rights Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Civil Rights Movement - Essay ExampleThe two white men arrested in connection with the incident were not judged. At the same time, Henry Huff, a minatory lady in Chicago, was expected to part with $200,000 in a court in Mississippi so as to see if she can be assisted in finding her kidnapped son. All these obstacles made them to struggle to have quality education, not to be ladened and eliminate stereotyping. Hence the Black participation came together to form the Civil Rights Movement to help in stopping segregation and discrimination against creed, race, gender and color. The community that supported it benefited in realizing equality among all races and an integrated society. After the formation of the social movement, some amendments were performed in America which assisted the unappeasables to realize their rights later (Vincent, 1989). The black community benefited from the 13th amendment which ended the servitude in the United States of America. It was the 14th amendment t hat highly benefited the black community. It granted citizenship to the blacks and barred states from cutting their immunities and privileges as prescribed in the constitution. It in any case prohibited all states from taking an individuals liberty, life and property and granted equal laws protection. ... The black community eventually could access polling booth. The movement caused the vote Rights Act to be passed in1965. The passage removed several racial barriers. It actually led to the alteration of American cultural, social and political way of life. Transformation in prevailing citizenship rights together with a redefinition of the courts and governments role in guarding those rights bolstered all the Americans human rights irrespective of their individual color. Civil Rights Movement made umteen black employees in some organizations to publicize various abuses of civil rights that plagued them. The movement led to the emergence of Black Nationalism in America. In 1960s, ma ny activists that were black started to ask for reforms that would lead to formation of a political system to make blacks to be less politically as well as economically crippled. With the rise up of nationalism wave in the movement, some organizations emerged. One of the organization started advocating for black power. This term was clear indication racism was forever gone. Question both Modern feminism movement describes an organized activity that attempts to empower female by revealing the interests and rights of women. Most people have counterfeit assumptions about womens cultural beliefs, sexual preference and general point of view on life. Even the present daughters do not ever dream of leading the lives their mothers go through. Feminism movement was designed to be an intellectual and social group that inquires about transforming the society and individuals. This society includes changing the world along with changing their fathers. Its draw is to produce a society that is unbiased for all men and women by

Sociological and Culturalist Accounts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sociological and Culturalist Accounts - Essay ExampleFurthermore, the model shapes our culture. It gives us the necessary resources, cypher and tradition through which the society compose a universal culture, and that which enables us to fit in the very culture. The question of who possesses media power and the powerless, or even those that elicit implement might and brutality, and those who cannot is a clear display of the media and its associated culture. The centrality and influence of mass media in modern culture cannot be overlooked. This is a true demonstration of how a number of media sources mainstream information and messages to the society through such forms as internet, newspapers, articles, and Radio. Such information despite positive impact to the society creates an illusion of things not well(p) to the very culture. Mostly, media power proves to be symbolic and persuasive. The media primarily have the greater potential in figureling extensively the mind of readers or viewers exclusively not their actions in a direct way. In such cases of physical, coercive force however, the control of action, that is often the ultimate aim of the exercise of power, is mostly indirect. Whereas the control of intentions plans, knowledge, beliefs, or opinions in mental representations that monitor overt activities is presupposed. Despite the pervasive symbolic power of the media, the audience will generally retain a tokenish of autonomy and independence, and engage more or less actively instead of purely passively, in the use of the means of mass.

Television Commercials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television Commercials - Essay ExampleIt is hard to argue with the belief that television commercials have a compelling effect on us. To best curtail this assumption, the cultivation theory is applied to discover the effects of television commercials on the attitudes and behaviors of the general public. According to Das,Cultivation theory suggests that consumers perceptions of social reality are to a great extent work ond by how they see themselves and others portrayed in the media. Many researchers are of the opinion that television ads present idealized images of appropriate behaviors and roles for men and women, making television advertizing an important factor in developing notions of what appropriate behaviors and roles are for each sex (2011208).Among mass media, television is the most widely used form of advertising, and the influence of television on the average Americans behavior and role are immense. We are repeatedly exposed to this influence, and we absorb it subconsci ously and become established with it. In many commercials, there is a large and consistent difference in the way men and women are portrayed. As observed by Water,Women in commercials were typically portrayed as deficient in credibility, product users but not product authorities, most often situated in domestic locations, having no occupation except homemaker, and demonstrating a dependent role. This is in contrast with men, who were typically portrayed as credible, product authorities, and situated outdoors. Also, men were perceived to be decently and thrived in independent roles (200617).The role of gender application is imbalanced, with the female gender cosmos represented in an inferior manner compared to their male counterparts one is being served and is strong and independent, while the other is serving, and is weak and dependent.

Project Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Recommendation - Essay ExampleThe company has commenced investment in the bulge out and lack of implementation may lead to considerable monetary losses. One way of dealing with uncertainty is employment of pretested technology. This may be a plus for the Project Stargazer as its research and evolution has been going on for a while.The return on investment determines the profitability of implementing the Project Stargazer through assessment of monetary implications of the capital and schedules. When the magnitude and clock of investment in the Project Stargazer is gauged and the timing of investment gains is directly proportional to the magnitude and timing of costs, a high return of investment is identified. This indicates that the gains associated with this bulge out comp are favorably to the implementation costs. This return of investment clearly shows that the project go away not only be profitable, but also use the funds directed at it efficiently. The project will break-even when the total sales and revenues equalize the total expenses associated with the Project Stargazer. At this point, no losses or profits will be associated with the project, though with a high return on investment, the project is likely to break-even with ease.The product that is associated with this project is also innovative and has not been introduced in the food market before. Developing and marketing such a product will be beneficial to the company as it will be developed for the first time. achiever of the Project Stargazer might also pave the way for the company to market a variety of other products in the future.Project conception The project Stargazer has already been researched and its development is already in progress. Previous analysis suggests that implementation of the project will benefit the company and chances of successful completion are high.Definition and planning After the company approves the development of the project, a project plan outlining th e

The Existence of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Existence of God - Es regularise ExampleWhen he does buy it that is not God answering your prayer, but just coincidence. My remarks affect you because you are a staunch confider in God. You rejected my argument, terming it logically fallacious, saying there is a supreme being that controls our existence and nature. You continued to say that everything that happens does so for a reason, and the reason is God. That was brilliant and so enlightening.Introducing the fallacies of the appeal of faith, I stated that if you do not provoke faith you could not learn almost God and His mysteries. Faith relies on belief and does not base on any evidence, depends on irrationalism in thinking. This implies that, if you do not believe in God, indeed you surely cannot learn about him. I am not a believer but know little about God, because I believe acute about Him is not necessarily about faith but interest in learning. You could not agree with me at all from the beginning. Your response w as that one has to turn over faith in God, to understand how mysterious He is, and termed my argument logically fallacious. Also, dismissed my argument saying that you cannot learn about something you do not believe in at all. That was a smart argument and really got me thinking. This was a revelation to me.I also brought forward the fallacy on begging the query or assuming the answer to certain problems in the society. Many people believe that spreading religion among more people in society leave instill moral fashion. I did not understand how praise and worship could instill moral behavior in the society, rather than teaching moral behavior and personal choice of people. Being a believer, you explained that from Gods teachings Christians are encouraged to have good moral behaviors. Therefore, spreading religion to more members of society, to have more believers, there will be a change of morality in society. This was a truly factual argument.Receive my

Set operations and Venn diagrams. week 5 MAT Essay

Set operations and Venn diagrams. week 5 MAT - Essay ExampleSo using the example above, cars, buses and vans should be written privileged the circle for land vehicles, while rafts and yachts belong to the circle for water vehicles.It is also possible that an object possesses both characteristics. For example, if you want to use a Venn diagram to organize a variety of tools based on whether it is for kitchen (circle 1) or for plumbery (circle 2), you know that scissors belong to both circles. To represent this, we write scissors in the overlap of two circles.What if you have an object that does not have any of the characteristics represented by your circles? Then you simply put its name outside the co-occur circles, to signify that it does not belong to any of the groups. Taking the Venn diagram of tools, you know that a watering can does not belong to either kitchen or plumbing tools because it is a gardening tool. Thus, you put watering can outside the overlapping

Media analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media analysis - Essay ExampleThey often perceive that marriage is the only way that a man and woman whitethorn get to know each other sexually (MacQueen, 2003). That was Gods wish.However, today, it is not hard to see even married couples looking for pleasure extraneous their marriage. That is the aim of this poster. It is not fair to assume that it is promoting promiscuity rather trying to find a safe way in which people engaging in sex, have the safest method to do this. From a gender perspective, it is likely to hear very many judgemental things close this poster. The first thing that will be talked about will be the girls willing nature to get to the point of getting in the poster. Society has a mentality about how women or girls should behave. They do this not knowing that they have a part to play in the growing of confederacy as much as the male species (Nelson, 1999).A gender perspective can be termed as the analysis of a situation, mostly sociological, based on the sex of the parties involved. In the above poster, there is the front line of both sexes. The male position in such a poster is considered as macrocosm normal (Nelson, 2001). However, the female role is looked at as being wrong. When a woman is seen to appear in such poster and/or advertisements, it is often attributed to where she is coming from.It is often understood that they are as a effect of broken homes. For example, an alcoholic and abusive father, a mother who does not pay attention to her and all sorts of things (Okely, 1996). This is a common misconception that many people in society have. It is otherwise known as stereotyping. Not all people who appear in such advertisements came from such homes. Some people appear in them delinquent to the feeling of creating change among their peers. It is some of these thoughts that are often misconstrued. Society thinks that they are out to benefit themselves or to make their parents feel guilty for something.The generation bow now is referred to as the microwave

Do you think the Marketing department is the most important one within Essay

Do you think the Marketing department is the most important one within an organisation - Essay ExampleAn efficient merchandise department ensures that the company remains in top gear in wading through competition. Various factors such as brand communication, pricing, promotion and cheeseparing customer relations allow businesses to maintain mart shargon and have a competitive advantage (Palmer, 2012). In essence, competition is about taking the market share of the competitors, and thus increasing profits. Marketing department is thus tasked with reducing predatory effects from competitors.Unlike other departments in the organization, the marketing department has a direct link to the customers. Customers are the main reasons for the existence of a company. In this regard, the marketing department should maintain the delicate balance between external forces and the customers. Customers are maintained through effective after sales services, excellent relationship centers, and loyalty programs.The above discussion shows that marketing plays a crucial role in an organization. As noted, the marketing department is concerned with beating competition and maintaining market share. Further, the department ensures customer retention through offers and quality services. Rational organizations try to maximise profits thus customers must be impressed by the marketing

Disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Disability - Essay ExampleThe group was a family- a father, a mother, a three-year-old (an estimated age) girl they called liza and an eight-year-old boy (another estimated age) they called Harvey. The father looked like hes in his late thirties- quite handsome and tall. If he told me he was a lawyer, I would not be surprised because he had an aura of authority and intelligence. Harvey had blonde wavy hair. He looked like an active boy with the way he moved and talked. He ran now to the monkey bars. Liza stayed behind with her father, while her mother went nearby Harvey. The mother looked like in her late twenties, a beautiful brunette with kind eyes. She sit down at a bench and started to read a thick book. Liza had her mothers eyes and hair. There was something different with her that I could not go out yet. She seemed to be thinking about faraway images with that look in her eyes. Liza went to the swing, moreover she was not scorch it at first. When she did, she raised her han ds to her ears, as if the swinging made her ears hurt. I could sense her anxiety from her scrunched-up face and tightly-closed eyes. She was making some screaming sounds I could not understand. I wanted to run and help her, but the father got to her first. Her father came to her and asked her what was wrong. She cried and pointed to her mother, and her father looked terribly confused.I was as clueless as Liza and her father. What does she mean when she makes these scratching sounds in her throat? I knew she was desensitise because her father was yelling at her and she did not seem to be bothered by it. She has a listening aid too, though I doubt it helped her. She exactly looked anxious and angry as her father tried to communicate with her, asking her what she needs and what bothers her in a loud, upset tone. Her mother must have been engulf in the book because it

Police System In Japan Essay Example for Free

Police System In Japan EssayIn Japan, legal philosophy system generally enjoy blanket(a) community support and respect. The system, so called keisatsu seido consists of approximately 220,000 guard officers who are organized into prefectural forces coordinated and partially affirmled by the study Police Agency in capital of Japan.Concerning the historical development, during the Edo period we are talking about the years 1600 1868 here, the Tokugawa Shogunate ( the form of those days g everyplacening the country ) developed elaborate guard system based on town magistrates who held samurai status and served as chiefs of police, prosecutors and felon judges. The system was extended by citizens s groups such as five-family associations ( gonin gumi ) . These groups were composed of neighbours, conjointly liable to the government for the activities of their membership.After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the main change in the whole Japanese history, the Home Ministry was est ablished in 1873. With jurisdiction over the Police Bureau, it effectively controlled the police. This new, centralized police system had wide-ranging responsibilities, includng the authority to issue ordinances and handle quasi-judicial functions. It also regulated public health, factories, constructions, businesses and issued permits, licenses and orders.In 1911 the Special higher(prenominal) Police was established to help control proscribed political activities. Later in 1928 it was strengthened with the introduction of the Peace Preservation Law. When the Sino-Japanese War began in 1937, the police were given the added responsibilities of regulating business activities for the war efforts, mobilizing labour and controlling transportatioon. Also regulation of publications, motion pictures, political meetings, and election campaigns came under police direction.After terra firma War II, Japan as a defeated country was under strong pressure and influence mainly from the U.S., on al l branches of life, including the police system. The National Diet the highest organ of state power was required to enact a new Police Law. This 1947 law abolished the previousHome Ministry. It decentralized the system by establishing about 1,600 independent municipal police forces in all cities and towns with population of over 5,000 smaller communities. These were served by the newly created National Rural Police. General contol of the police was supposed to be ensured by the establishment of civilian public safety commissions.As to present structure, today the Japanese police system is based on prefectural units that are autonomous in daily operations yet are conjoined nationalwide under the National Police Agency. Prefectural police headquarters, including the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, control everyday police operations in apiece prefecture. In effect, the prefectures pay for the patrol man on the beat, traffic control over domestic security units, which are fund ed by the national government, as are the salaries of senior national and prefectural police officials.Prefectures are divided into districts, each with its own police station under direct control of prefectural police headquarters. There are about 1,250 of these police stations nationwide. Districts are promote subdivided into jurisdictions of urban police boxes ( koban ) and rural residential police boxes ( chuzaisho).The mainstay of the Japanese police system is the uniformed patrol officer (omawari san ). The patrol officers supply the police boxes and patrol cars and comprised 40 percent of al incidents and crimes and then move them to the specialized units for further investigation.The sphere of police resposibilities remains broad. Besides solving ordinary crimes, criminal investigators establish the causes of fires and industrial accidents. Crime prevention police hold added responsibility for juveniles, businesses and the enforcement of special laws regulating gun and swor d ownership, drugs, smuggling, prostitution, pornography and industrial pollution. Public safety commissions usually defer to police decisions.Police contact with the community is extended by the requirement that koban based police visit every home in their jurisdiction to gather information,pass on suggestions regarding crime prevention and hear complaints. Neighbourhood crime prevention and traffic safety associations provide another link between police and community, further promoting extensive public involvement in law and order.

The Madding Crowd Essay Example for Free

The Madding Crowd EssayThe second letter is written by stern Robin, a three-year-old girl who used to be a maid on Bathshebas farm, but ran away with Frank Troy, a soldier who she intended to marry. The letter was supposed to be given to Gabriel. In it she thanks him for his kindness on the night she left Weatherbury. She also says I am going to be married to the man who has courted me for most time Sergeant Troy and I should be much obliged if you would keep the contents of this letter a secret for the present. I think that she asked for it to be kept as a secret because she knows that Boldwood thinks so little of Troy.This is shown when Gabriel asks him what sort of man Troy is because Boldwood says Im afraid not one to build much confide upon in a case such as this. Gabriel shows Boldwood the letter because he knows that Boldwood cares for Fanny he looked after her when she was little. Fanny obviously feels certain that Troy ordain marry her whereas Boldwood does not trust her in the slightest and is expecting Troy to let her overpower. He is disappointed and says Silly girl silly girl. This is because in the letter she seems so happy, and he hates the idea of her getting hurt. Boldwood tries to help Fanny as much as he trick.He speaks to Troy because he has an idea which will stop Fanny getting hurt. He says to Troy Marry Fanny. Ill make it worth your while, Ill settle a sum of money upon her, and Ill see that you dont post from poverty in the future. He offers Troy five hundred and fifty pounds to marry Fanny. On Bathshebas farm, a crisis occurred, each(prenominal) of her sheep escaped into a clover surface area and became bloated. The only way that they can be saved is by being lanced in the stomach in a specific place. The only man with the expertise and the equipment to do this is Gabriel, but he had been fired.Bathsheba sends someone to get him, but when the messenger returns Gabriel is not with him. He says he shall not receive o nless you request en to come civilly and in a proper manner, as comes any ooman begging a favour. Bathsheba then says Shall I beg to someone who has begged to me? This shows that she is stubborn. But her sheep were getting worsened by the minute so she wrote a note that said do not desert me, Gabriel and Gabriel arrived. He cured all of the sheep for her, so she swallowed her pride and offered him his credit line back,. He simply says I will and she smiles. The next letter is the third important letter in the story.It is written by Bathsheba, and sent to Boldwood. She wrote that her final finish was that she could not marry him. This was because she had just met Frank Troy and fallen in love with him. Writing the letter was extremely cowardly because if she was going to turn him down she should at least sustain the courage to tell him herself, face to face not just leave a message on paper. As if this wasnt destructive enough, the next withaling Boldwood returned so she delib erately tried to avoid him as to not take a leak to discuss the contents of the note. She apparently didnt realise that she was going to render to face up to Boldwood eventually.She ended up bumping into Boldwood a lot sooner than she could have imagined because that night the two met on Yalbury Hill. We are told that Boldwoods manner was stunned and muddy so we can safely assume that he has already read the note. Whilst talking to Boldwood, Bathsheba was unsettled because Boldwoods life appeared to be in a mess and she knew that it was all her fault. He says I should have lived in if you had not attracted me by that letter valentine you call it and she obviously regrets sending the valentine because she says I have bitterly repented of it and can you still go on reminding me? She apologises to him for sending the valentine and says she pitys him, but it is too late, she has already hurt him incredibly. He finds it extremely hard to accept that she does not love him, and even th ough she has told him that she does not love him and will not marry him many times, he still says Say, Bathsheba, that you only wrote that refusal to me in fun and It isnt because you have no olfactory sensation in that you dont love me trying to persuade her to change her mind. The final letter in this novel is Gabriels letter of resignation.Bathsheba is at the grave of Fanny and Troy and is very depressed, just as Gabriel comes to see her. He tells her I may soon have to give up the management of your farm, Mrs Troy. The fact is, I am thinking of leaving England. After hearing this Bathsheba crys Leaving England in surprise and genuine disappointment. This is awful news for Bathsheba who says what shall I do without you? She began to think of Gabriel a lot, and she sincerely wished that he wasnt going to leave.A few weeks later Bathsheba received a formal letter which asks her not to renew his engagement with her She decided to pay Gabriel a visit. She was demented because she thought that the letter meant that he had decided to leave, when what the letter real meant was that he wanted to marry her. The story ends with Bathsheba and Gabriel getting married. Each of the four letters have a major effect on the lives of the characters involved. However a couple of the letters were not the best decisions for the characters to make.For example, the letter that Bathsheba sent Boldwood wasnt really necessary because she shouldnt really have gone so long without making a final decision, and Boldwood should have accepted that she didnt want to marry him. He should also have been told that it was a joke right from the start. In the end it was only to be expected that Bathsheba and Gabriel would get married because he showed an interest in her right from the start, and she must have liked him and respected him because she always turned to him for advice. Paul Liscio Far From The Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy Y10.

Apple Case Answer Essay Example for Free

apple Case Answer EssayOrganization Overview IntroductionThis possibility discusses the apples Inc. orchard apple tree Inc. is maven of the worlds virtually successful and most recognizable companies, established by Steve Jobs and Steve Wazniak. Over its 30 category existence, the company had seen a lot of changes in the computer industry. During its life it faced many problems same changing of CEOs and shifting in its major strategies which be lotto the company. But at last it was Steve jobs who saved the company and afterwards it started competing in the market. Steve Jobs Bring sore era to Apple Inc. He shifted the strategies to assortediation strategy and launched many products like iMac, iPod, iPhone. On April 4, 2010, Apple Inc. launched the iPod the companys third major innovation released over the last ecstasy under its iconic CEO Steve Jobs.Apples strategy of shifting its business into non-PC products had thrived so far, driven by the smashing success of the i Pod and the iPhone. Yet challenges abounded. Macintosh sales in the worldwide PC market still languished below 5%. Growth in iPod sales was thuddinging down. IPhone faced increasing competition in the smartphone industry. What would the early hold for the computer giant in a rapidly changing world? How should the company allocate resources between its more traditional offerings (computers) and its vernaler products (iPods, iPhones, Apple TV, etc.) in order to maintain and improve its market position? Also, how should Apples unique retail strategy be used to support the companys product decisions, and by capitalizing on new and emerging trends thus further maintaining its competitive advantage.* Mission StatementApple is move to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers just about the world through its innovative hardw are, software and Internet offering.* DEEPLIST Analysis* DemographicDemographic factors highly affect the computer industry. As buyers are of all ages and polar genders, also every individual have different choice like the use of iPod, iPhone and iPad is increasing in young generation. Literacy rate is increasing in our realm and use of internet and computer in education as well as in homes also increasing. Children and teenagers are more interested in play games on computers and increasing usage of social website, chatting etc. Information technology playing a vital role in business world overdue to these virtual organizations, are increasing. So demographic factors is plays important role in the industry.* EconomicalIn the past few years, the industry has been affected by the slow economic and that resulted in low consumer spending. There is no sign of improvement, consumer spending and investment might decrease as well. Discount rate 13.5% from the central believe of Pakistan and it is the highest rate in Pakistan that negatively affecting this industry .Due to weak e conomic conditions, Pakistans educational is encountering large budget deficits. This factor has a negative encroachment over Apples sales in the educational segment. Sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers can be adversely affected by gold exchange rate fluctuations and by international trade regulations.* Social FactorsSocial Factors also lick the industry as different segments of the society have different buying behavior and income so it affects the overall demand of the computers. The computer and internet usage is growing worldwide and is a inviolable source of opportunities for the computer industry. Customers has make up more experienced and computer literate in our country comparing with past. Education has become a prime resolution for the newgeneration, which is a signalize factor for the companys business.* Political and legalPolitical uncertainties and terrorism activities are directly impacting the overall business of the compan y. Energy crisis more and more taxes earnestly affecting the industry. For instance, when government imply 15 % sales tax it becomes difficult for the companies to manage profits. The company has to comply with the environment regulations such as environment salutary disposal or recycling.* TechnologicalAs computer industry is a technology oriented industry so Technological factor greatly influence the industry as well as Apple Inc. As the technology changes it affects all the production processes, People appreciate more more advances in their systems and are switching over to new information appliances. Technology is evolving at a rapid pace now days. Internet availability and usage is growing and leads to good opportunities for the industry. The traditional desktop and tower systems might become outdated by the entrance of new revolutionary products. New technology demand is increasing by schools and professionals.Problems* Frequent changes in strategies and top management* App le Mac, application softwares not easily available* Premium segment requires heavy R D costs* Operates in Niche marketFive forces (porter) that apple applied.Motorola Mobility v. Apple Inc. is one of a series of ongoing lawsuits between technology companies Motorola Mobility and Apple Inc.. In the year before Apple and Samsung began suing severally different on most continents, and while Apple and High Tech Computer Corp. (HTC) were already embroiled in a patent fight, Motorola Mobility and Apple started a period of intense patent litigation.The Motorola-Apple patent imbroglio commenced with claims and cross-claims between the companies for patent infraction, and encompassed multiple venues in multiple countries as each company seek friendly forums for litigating its respective claims the fight also included administrative law rulings as well as United States International parcel out Commission (ITC) and European Commission involvement.1 In April 2012, the controversy centered on whether a FRAND license to a components manufacturer carries over to an equipment manufacturer incorporating the component into equipment, an issue not addressed in the Supreme Courts default analysis using the exhaustion doctrine in Quanta v. LG Electronics.2 In June 2012, appellate judge Richard Posner dismissed the U.S. case with prejudice and the parties appealed the decision a month later.* -Motorola Mobilitys suitsIn early October 2010, Motorola Mobility filed a burster with the ITC against Apple alleging patent infringement.6 The complaint allegations concerned six Motorola patents, and sought remedies of a court-ordered bar on U.S. imports of infringing products, and an injunction prohibiting Apple from importing, marketing and distributing infringing products. The ITC instituted its investigation a month later and Motorola after dropped its patent claims with respect to two of the six patents at issue.7Motorola also filed two complaints for patent infringement against Apple in the U.S. soil Court for the Northern dominion of Illinois (Illinois Complaints), and another complaint for patent infringement against Apple in the U.S. District Court for the SouthernDistrict of Florida (Florida Complaint).Both complaints alleged Apple infringed 18 Motorola patents. In November 2010, Motorola voluntarily dismissed the Illinois Complaints, ( asseverate as counterclaims in the actions brought by Apple on October 29, 2010 in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin). Later that November, Apple also filed counterclaims in the Southern District of Florida, alleging Motorola infringed six Apple patents in manufacturing and selling mobile devices, set-top boxes and digital video recorders.7Additionally, in October 2010, Motorola filed a complaint for a declaratory judgment against Apple and NeXT Software, Inc.8 in the U.S. District Court in Delaware, seeking a ruling that Motorola did not infringe any claim of twelve patents owned by Apple and NeXT. In response, in early declination 2010, Apple asserted these twelve patents against Motorola, Inc. and Motorola Mobility, Inc. in the Western District of Wisconsin and moved for a change of venue from Delaware to Wisconsin. Ultimately, both parties patent assertions were subsequently transferred to the Northern District of Illinois.* -Apples counter-suitsIn late October 2010, Apple filed two complaints in the Western District of Wisconsin for patent infringement against Motorola, Inc. and Motorola Mobility, Inc..9 The complaints alleged Motorola infringed six patents and sought coin damages and an injunction. In early November 2010, Motorola filed counterclaims against Apple alleging Apple infringed twelve Motorola patents which Motorola originally asserted in the Northern District of Illinois. The Western District of Wisconsin transferred the actions to the Northern District of Illinois and trial was scheduled for June 2012 on six Apple patents and three Motorola Mobili ty patents. Also in late October 2010, Apple filed a complaint with the ITC for patent infringement against Motorola, Inc. and Motorola Mobility, Inc..10 Apples complaint alleged Motorola infringed three Apple patents with Motorolas mobile devices offered in the U.S.. Apples complaint sought a court order barring imports of those devices and sought an injunction prohibiting Motorola from engaging in further activities related to the same mobile devices.The ITC beganinvestigation in late November 2010 in mid-January 2012, the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) found no impingement by Motorola for the three asserted Apple patents Apple filed a petition to review the ALJs findings but the ALJ ultimately ruled for Motorola and against Apple in mid- defect 2012.11 In mid-March 2011, Apple filed counterclaims against Motorola in the ITC proceeding (which was subsequently removed to the Western District of Wisconsin court), and instituted a new action in the Western District of Wisconsin, App le Inc. v. Motorola Mobility, Inc., alleging that Motorola breached standards commitments (see Context, below), with counterclaims including equitable estoppel, waiver, breach of contract, violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act, unfair competition and interference with contract. Apple sought declaratory judgments that Motorolas license terms involving standards-essential patents were unreasonable and discriminatory, that Motorola was not entitled to injunctive relief, and that Motorola committed patent misuse.7* -ContextComponents manufacturers and major patent holders such as Motorola and Samsung commit to licensing their standards essential patents to other industry participants through their participation in standard-setting organizations (SSOs), while other industry participants negotiate licenses to use those patents, including manufactures and sellers of smartphones and tablets.12 North American technology companies treatment in the marketplace of their respective products and mobile operating systems (OSs) spans the spectrum from completely proprietary systems to open-source license systems Apple and RIM manufacture and sell products that run on only their respective proprietary mobile OSs Microsoft licenses its proprietary mobile OSs, (Windows Phoneand Windows Mobile), to non-affiliated wireless handset original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and Google sponsors Android, an open-source mobile OS it distributes free to OEMs.13 All these OSs provide platforms for software application developers as well as for a variety of products and service offered bycompeting product manufacturers. Such products in turn rely on, and their patent holders commit to, SSOs rules for both standards essential patents disclosure and reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing (FRAND) grants for compatibility and interoperability of devices.13* -Further developmentsIn March and April 2011, Motorola filed patent infringement complaints in the court in Mannheim, Ge rmany, alleging that Apple Retail Germany GmbH, Apple Sales International, and Apple Inc. infringed three of Motorola Mobilitys patents, two of which are standards-essential patents. In December 2011 and February 2012, the court in Mannheim, Germany found that Apple products infringed two of the three Motorola Mobility patents, one standards-essential and one non-essential, and granted injunctions.7 Between May and December 2011, Apple filed patent infringement suits in Munich, Dsseldorf and Mannheim, Germany alleging that Motorola infringed Apples utility and design patents. Apple asserted the design patents against Motorolas tablet products. In mid-February 2012, the Munich court found that a Motorola smartphone unlock feature infringed one of the Apple utility patents,14 and granted an injunction.7 Five days prior to the Munich court decision, Apple sued Motorola in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California.15Apples complaint sought a declaratory judgment an d injunction based on an alleged breach of contract by Motorola, and alleged that Apple is a third party beneficiary under a patent licensing agreement between Motorola Mobility, Inc. and Qualcomm, Inc., and thus in reliance on that contract. Apple alleged that Motorolas rights under two patents it asserted against Apple in Germany were already exhausted under the licensing agreement and asked the court to enjoin Motorola from prosecuting and enforcing its claims against Apple in Germany. In February 2012, the European Commission, Competition Directorate-General, sent Motorola mark that the Commission received a complaint by Apple on the enforcement of Motorolas standards-essential patents against Apple, allegedly in breach of Motorolas FRAND commitments. Apples complaint sought the Commissions intervention with respect to standards-essentialpatents.7

Violence in Video Games

Violence in tv GamesThe concern over how much of a chelas actions, if any, argon formd by the force contained in the delineation granuloses they choose to form, has been run short a topic of debate in recent ages. Certain heartbreaking events, such(prenominal) as the aquilege High School shooting in April of 1999 where two students open fired on their fellow classmates killing in total 13 victims followed by their own suicides, sparked a renewed interest in seeking if mental picture bizs could former acts of force out in adolescents. (Baertlein, 2007) This apprehension is largely due in blow up, be draw tiddlerren are in theory, more inclined to behavioral influences when they actively participate, as opposed to when they are merely observing. The belief has been that, a child playing ruddy painting games prat live with more of a tendency to pull up slam-bang acts. On the contrary, there has been no clear-cut substantiation to show these carmine flick game s are to blame for younker force-out. The detail remains it is authenticly not an flourishing task to prove a true(a) innovation connection mingled with violence and tv gaming. Youth violence tracks show crimes yards have decreased while boob tube game playing has become trendier. (Baertlein, 2007)In January of 2001, the sawbones General David Satcher released his report findings concluding that, early days crime rate was not rising, and that the increase youth crime rate was merely a myth. Since 1993, when the epidemic peaked, youth violence has declined significantly nationwide, as signaled by downward trends in arrest records, victimization data, and hospital emergency room records (Satcher, 2001). Moreover, the study showed the amount of lethal violence has declined. This was primarily attributable to the decline in use of firearms among youth. (Snyder, 2006) This goes contrary to the claims of those who say that violent video games are teaching youth to use guns. T he study performed by Surgeon General Satcher, along with different research performed on the topic, further substantiates the personal credit line that violent content found at heart video games is not the cause for violent acts committed by the youth. According to the Surgeon General, the strongest adventure factors for school shootings centered on mental stability and the quality of home life, not media depiction. (Satcher, 2001) The veracity is recent reporting has shown a decrease regarding violence in teens since games have become more graphic. The violent crime rate has decreased from a rate of 51 victimizations per 1,000 members of the population sequence 12 and over in 1994, down to 21 per 1,000 members in 2005. (Bureau of Statistics, 2006) In perk up upition, the Juvenile lurid Crime Index has also shown a declining rate since 1994. Crimes of murder committed by juvenile offenders have actually fallen 65% from 1994 to 2002. (Snyder Sickmund, 2006)Although the crime rate has declined, concern regarding violent acts by juveniles is still an uncover the general continues to hold fast on its look outs that children participating in playing violent video games are being led to commit violent acts. Theorists such as Bruce Barthalow, Mark Sestir and Edward Davis have based their opinions according to a large quantity of research performed by many esteemed scholars. They sound out that a connection has been made known surrounded by substantive life violent crimes and violent content in video games. (Barthalow, Sestir Davis, 2005) The main positions in the argument for these theorists are derived from results of several causas of studies, lab experiments, field studies as well as correlation studies. Correlations are a measure of how strongly associated two events are. However, co comparative studies and other studies such as those cannot account for whether or not violent video games can cause pugnacity. Furthermore, rough co relation al studies find no significant blood with aggression. evening still, those studies cannot prove violence contained in video games is the cause of true-life violence.After all, what is lacking from the studies used video game research? pivotal factors are missing in research studies conducted on violent video games. The players in these particular studies are not in entertain. Their free will and liberty of choice are not included when researches test their theories. They are selected to play a video game not of their choosing, when the action of play is in essence, a self directed and voluntary activity. The element of forced exposure to a video game can alter the players reaction to the experience. run for is not an action that can be recreated in an experiment held in a laboratory. There are other questionable factors regarding the testing video games as well. For example, the duration of play is too short, typically 5-15 minutes, for anything like the play experience to be duplicated (Calvert Tan, 1994). In these laboratory studies, no individual really plays. A video game is played by individuals for entertainment and therefore, being instructed to play a video game defeats the purpose of electing to play for amusement. The studies performed do not take in to consideration wherefore individuals play video games at all. (Calvert Tan, 1994) Research on video games also fail to recognize that a player of video games participates freely and ceases to play when they so desire. (Calvert Tan, 1994) Players are free to enter the world they create for themselves in these games, and this freedom remains missing from the laboratory studies conducted on violent video games. Studies completed have concluded that there has been no definitive link between violent acts and violent content found in video games, and that near fashion violent video games whitethorn actually provide a venue for children to vent their aggressions, rather than taking physically takin g action. (OBrien, 2007)In studies performed by the U.S. Department of Justices, Office of Justice Programs, it is reported that the largest influential factor in adolescent delinquency is the family dynamics within the childrens homes. (Snyder, 2006) Parents have a certain obligation to their children. They play an important role in the childs life and are responsible to provide them with guidance as to what is ill-use or business. If children cannot clearly determine the differences between fantasy life in video games and reality, they cannot be blamed for committed violent acts such as those contained within video games. Without invokeal guidance, children are susceptible to misinterpret scenarios they come across in real life. (Anderson, et al., 2003) Violence from video games will not fall upon amenable adolescents violent when they have been made aware of the limits within a fictional world.Many factors can cause a childs incapacity to make a distinction regarding right f rom wrong, reality from fiction. An adolescent or teenager whitethorn be lacking the maturity level necessary to understand the jounce of their actions, or perhaps can suffer from mental instability limiting their perception of reality. However, is it the violent content found within video games to blame? The studies nominate that when parents actively participate in a childs life, discuss real life conflicts, the inappropriateness violent solutions, and help the child generate selection solutions to violent actions, it can help reduce the actual impact of media violence on the youth. (Anderson, et al., 2003) Psychologists have also concluded that, children whose parents have regulated the length of time video games are played are less likely to show predatory behavior. (Anderson, et al., 2003) It is the parents responsibility to monitor their children and to educate them. It is a parents role to discipline their children and to teach them social norms and values. After all, it would be impossible maintain a child from the outside world. There will constantly be negative influences out there. It is the parents duty to their children, to ensure they are taught the consequences of their behavior, as well as right from wrong. Parents should be the ultimate closing makers of what they allow their child to watch, play or do. Parents have the responsibility to be aware of the content involved in the games their child plays. pictorial matter games are denominate to describe the content within them, as well as specify when they include strong language, violence, mature sexual themes, as well as other subject matter that may be unsuitable for a child. In 1994, the video game industry established the Entertainment Software Ratings Board (ESRB), a self-regulating labeling body. (Entertainment Software Association, 2006) The ESRB ratings method is astonishingly all-inclusive. According to the ESRB, it rates over 1,000 games per year. Practically every title produce d by major game maturateers for retail sales agreement today carries an ESRB rating and content descriptors. The ESRB rating system helps parents and other consumers choose the games that are right for their families. ESRB ratings have two parts rating symbols that suggest what age group the game is best for, and content descriptors that indicate elements in a game that may have triggered a particular rating and/or may be of interest or concern (Entertainment Software Association, 2006). These ratings provide the parents with information they need to determine whether the video games is suitable for their child to play. Even with the ratings and the violent content, some parents still purchase these games for their young children without screening the video games. According to the Entertainment Software Association, 89% of the time parents are present at the time games are purchased or rented, 61% of parents believe games are a positive part of their childrens lives, and 87% of th e time children receive their parents permission before purchasing or renting a game. (Entertainment Software Association, 2006)Parents, teachers, guardians, mentors or anyone else a child may look to for guidance, should be able to provide them with proper direction, lessons about choice and consequences in life that could affect them and those they hold close as well. When the fantasy world is brought into the picture, these lessons should let the child know that certain actions in a fantasy world are not appropriate in the real world, thus the separation (Goldstein, 2001). Video game violence contains simulated acts of aggression. Video games cannot actually emphasize acts of aggression if there is none to begin with. (Delamere, 2005) The alike features that hold back the audience from rushing the stage during a murder scene in a play are present in video games. When and adolescent plays a video game that is labeled as violent, it is actually containing simulated acts of violenc e. (Goldstein, 2001) There is not an actual physically performed action taken, since the child is in an imaginary world. They cannot abuse, damage or violate because there is nothing to abuse, damage or violate. (Goldstein, 2001) The child has ultimate control what occurs which is a major deciding point in separating reality from video games. In the real world, consequences are certain. When a child commits and act, either good or bad, something will happen. In video games, the player can suspend the game play and even bypass consequences. These factors provide cues that the game play is not real, and that they child is merely doing something for amusement. (Goldstein, 2001)Video games can actually be beneficial to children.They provide cognitive benefits such as system thinking, pattern recognition, strategy, decision making, and even patience. A book written by author Steven Johnson makes another point in favor of viewing video games from a new perspective. Johnson argues that vid eo games are ripening progressively more refined, they present players a mental exercise that is far more invigorating, satisfying, and even more educational than much of the media content they were force cater in the past. (Johnson, 2005) Particularly, Johnson states, modern games, including those filled with violent material demand children to mange resources, evaluate multifaceted social networks, and recognize long-term patterns. (Johnson, 2005) A common video game presents a predicament to be solved and diverse means to accomplish the resolution. Children playing video games are driven to play video games because they can succeed the impossible. (Simpson, 2005) Distribution of resources, trial and error and completing tasks are all part of the learning experience. (Simpson, 2005) The software embedded in these video games clearly establishes roles, powers, and limitations. Video game players have the ability decide their course of actions and recognize that they must take ac countability for their own actions. The children playing these games are aware that there are two harmful and helpful consequences during game play. Games can mimic real-life consequences, and playing them teaches children that patience and perseverance lead to successful results. (Simpson, 2005)Violence in video games is not cause of violence in adolescents this is a rumor or myth made by throng looking for an excuse or a solution to why things happen. With the level of violence in video games increasing, adults have been linking the acts of violence contained in video games with violent acts that have been committed by children. Rather than look in to all the determining factors that can be reasons for children to act self-assertingly, they would rather lay blame on something new. The public has not even taken a instant to reflect on the past and realize that video games are just another source of media added to the list excuses justifying a childs actions. Films, radio, novel s, television programming, have all had been faulted for leading young people off course and stirring up aggressive or unsociable behavior. Video games violence is a adept scapegoat for individuals who do not care to explore deeper into the quandary of where the desire to murder comes from.The myth that video games reveal a new, excessive collective fix with violent entertainment is untrue. Harold Schechter, in the manuscript Savage Pastimes A Cultural History of hot Entertainment, painstakingly documents the incidence of violent media all the way by the history of art and entertainment. Schechter remarks that even the purportedly quiet days of the 1950s were complete with violent media, most of it aimed at children. (Schechter, 2005) The fact is that, contrary to popular belief, there was a shockingly high level of sadistic violence and gore in some of the most popular commercial entertainments of the 1950s (Schechter, 2005). Violence and aggressive media and behavior have alwa ys been a part of civilization, so why it is receiving so much attention these days? Perhaps the degree of youth violence has not changed at all, but the factors mentioned above have simply created a heightened awareness of violence amongst youth. Perhaps a heightened awareness and a lower adjustment for such acts have simply caused an increase in reporting violence, creating an illusion of an increase in youth violent behavior. There are extreme cases of youth violence in recent years that stand out, and were covered extensively by the media. The aquilege incident is an example. This type of incident is rare, but the media attention it genuine contributed to the perception of an increase in youth violence. Youth violence did not increase during this time it just became more of social issue. Many factors contributed to those crimes, leaving the public many ways of laying blame.Youth violence is not caused by content found within a video game it is more of an issue with the indivi dual committing the violent acts. The underlying problem deals with the individual having a firm grip on reality and knowing the difference between those actions and the ones found within a video game. The adolescents are less apt to see violent video games in an unconstructive way if the individual is there not already a predisposition to violent acts. (Zarozinski, 2001) Media in all forms can move people to consider things they had not considered before. But media cannot take over a header and make anyone do something hes not predisposed to do (Zarozinski, 2001). Stating, in essence, violent video games do not create violent children, however they may add to the troubles of an already violent youth. (Zarozinski, 2001) The public is quick to fault violence in the planet on video games, movies, television and music for the reason that they are everyday plausible targets. Although these media sources can influence and individual to a certain degree, the public has to look further t han this particular focal point and start searching for the real cause for the violent behavior in civilization.A game cannot and will not make a human being kill another. Numerous individuals view violent images on a regular basis, yet only a small percentage of those actually commit crimes of violence. As studies by respected academics show, people that are already predisposed to violence are those that tend to gravitate towards playing video games. (Delamere, 2005) The violence present in these media sources may help start out a violent act it is never the only cause (Delamere, 2005). However, the groups of alarmed individuals that plead for the government to take action to against video games will not openly admit that the source for their civilizations problems may be due to their own actions. The people want a scapegoat that will appease their conscience and at the same token, avert the fingers of blame from pointing in their direction.This day and age, humankind is a world w here real violence is everywhere, from neighborhood shootings to the war in Iraq. People are mostly helpless to shut off it, and just have to live through it, but when a juvenile turns on a violent video game and spends immortal hours playing, the question remains, does it change their perception of the real world and cause them to become delinquent? Violence in video games has been at the forefront of a vision of controversy recently. Incidents, like the Columbine High School shooting has come and gone, reopening old wounds and revisiting un sayed questions. What could have caused two seemingly average kids to go on such a rampage? close to of the blame has fallen on violent video games. Are these games actually part of the problem, or just an easy target? Fueled by myths of increased youth violence, and tragedies such as school shootings, youth violence is an increasing concern in for the public. Nevertheless, there is a lack of hard evidence to support the supposed increase i n youth violence, much less, that violence in video game plays a part in it.Violence in Video GamesViolence in Video GamesRQ Should any restrictions be use to violence in future video games to frustrate any negative changes in childrens behavior?AbstractIntroductionPeople, nowadays, are always arguing about the problem of violence in video games and violence, in this case, includes use of drugs, blood, gore, offensive language, and many other things, that exist in modern video games. According to the statistics, over a billion people play video games, and the majority of these people are children or young teenagers. Of course, there are games, which are perfectly fit for children, games, which do not contain any type of violence, and they are usually designed specifically for kids to play. But many children prefer playing violent video games, because they think it is more enjoyable. Even though, it is usually up to their parents or guardians to decide whether these children are all owed to play violent video games or not, in most cases, parents do not want to restrict their kids from playing games, they like, so they just allow children to play almost any games, they want to play. The problem here is, that psychologically underage people tycoon be more defenseless to impact, coming from video games, than adults are so violent video games might have a negative impact on shaping childrens deportment (Publications, Harvard). Even though, millions of children play violent video games, only a few actually become violent (John Bingham). And this controversy leads me to a question Should any restrictions be applied to violence in future video games to close out any negative changes in childrens behavior? I conducted the research, which provided me with the information about the ways, in which video games might affect childrens behaviour and the consequences of video game influence for children. That information will help me understand which restrictions should b e applied to violence in video games, if any. personifyEven though, there is evidence of the link between violence in video games and the increase of childrens aggressive behaviour during the past two decades, there are still a solidifying of facts, which prove that there are many other factors, which could have caused negative effects on childrens behaviour.A lot of assorted psychological and media institutions, such as Oxford University, have conducted the research on the influence of violence in video games and other types of media. There are about 350 research papers conducted from 2005 to 2013, and non of them really explore every aspect of the effects of media violence on kids behaviour. For example, the combinations of effects of different risk factors, such as depression or stress with this kind of violence, or the differences between the effects on different genders. Such factors as the gender and living in poverty have greater impact on the outcomes (Bavelier, Green and Dye 692-701). In the majority of the studies kids younger than 10 years of age werent even included. The importance of these factors is certainly undeniable, especially considering the fact that there are not too many cases of chilren aggressive and violent behaviour, proved to happen due to violent video games.There was one of the high-profile incidents in the USA, which was caused by 17 year-old Dylan Klebold, and 18 year-old Harris Eric. It is called the Columbine High School Massacre. The shooting happened on the 20th of April, 1999, at Columbine High School, in Jefferson County. Two pupils killed 12 other pupils and a teacher (Library, CNN). The two shooters in the massacre were regularly playing weapon-based combat games. Specifically, the two shooters used to play Doom, which is a violent video game (The Columbine Shooters Video Game Addicts?)Since the moment when violence was introduced to media, hundreds of studies have focused their research on viewing these acts of viole nce and aggression, such as Columbine High School shooting. When violent video games emerged, researchers started analyzing these acts much more closely. Many of the studies were focused on persons sex and studying male versus female aggression later viewing and playing violent video games. Some of them researched viewing violent video games against playing these games to find out if there was any link between the two ways of experiencing video game violence (Polman, de Castro and van Aken 256-264).Very little of these studies have researched the positive effects, which video games might have on chldren. For example, ceremonial video games improves hand eye coordination, and increases some of the persons abilities, for example some kids become better at solving puzzles (Ferguson 309-316).Ferguson found no connection between violent video games and negative behaviour. He concluded, that research made up of current studies, which have been analyzed, cannot link observation or playin g violent video games to aggressive behavior afterwards (Ferguson 309-316).Each study, which has been reviewed, usually shows that there is some link between viewing violent video games and aggression. However, it doesnt completely prove the existence of this connection. Some evidence suggest that there is a link between exposure to violent video games and violent behavior (Porter and Starcevic 422-426).Can aggressive behavior with a good level of certainty be link to watching video games? Or are there other circumstances that influence this kind of behaviour? Studies suggest a link between video watching and aggression, but researchers have not yet been able to find a direct relationship between the two. As in most behaviours, there are still loads of other factors that may contribute to the persons behaviour. Concluding, that experiencing violence in video games is linked to aggressive behaviour, is only possible if other factors, which influence a persons behaviour can be contro lled. Those factors can include family history, sex, cases of aggressive behavior before watching video games, and many other potential factors that might influence childrens behavior (Persky and Blascovich 57-72).Not all studies have found a relationship (Ferguson et al. 109-122) between exposure to violent video games and aggression in children. However, the most part of all the work actually shows a relationship. In a meta-analysis of 98 studies, which involved 36,965 participants, violent video games were convincingly shown to influence social behaviour (Greitemeyer and Mgge 578-589). The fact, that studies have taken many different forms, increases the certainty of the relationship.Jim Blascovich, at the University of California at Santa Barbara, in the study, he conducted, he concluded that the more realistic the graphics are the more of a possibility there is to display aggressive behavior right after viewing violent video games. Explicit viewing material usually looked more realistic, though letting aggressive behavior in the real world. For example, Pacmans graphics were very simple in their content, and as graphics have become more realistic, the violence and death scenes have become a lot more realistic in modern video games (Persky Blascovich 57-72).Some of the work looks at the causal effect of game play. Some individuals have been asked to play violent games in the lab, while others were asked to play non-violent games. Then the behaviour of each group was measured in social tasks after the experiment. These studies have shown that playing violent games results in instantaneous changes to behaviour (Anderson, Carnagey and Flanagan 199-249). Young adults have shown physiological desensitisation to scenes of real life violence (Carnagey, Anderson and Bushman 489-49). Individuals who had played violent, in comparison with non-violent, games were less likely to report hearing a fight staged outside the laboratory, considered the fight more common an d were slower to respond when some of them decided to help (Bushman and Anderson 273-27). Desensitisation to violence is considered to link violent game play with later aggressive behaviour (Engelhardt et al. 1033-1036).Other studies have included longitudinal effects, where individuals have been followed over a layover of time and video game play at one point in time has been related to aggression later, both in lab and in real life. The more violent play individuals took part in, the steeper the increase was in aggressive behaviour (Willoughby, Adachi and Good 1044-1057). The size of the effects found in most studies is either small or medium, but its quite consistent. This pretty much indicates that violent games do influence violent behaviour, rather than that violent children utilize in video games.The most part of the negative effects, as a result of playing violent video games among children, can be blamed on the violent scenes included in these games. If a kid spends a big amount of time playing violent videogames, he or she becomes socially isolated. This basically means that this child doesnt have enough time to interact with his or her peers (Anderson and Bushman 353-359). The child who spends lots of hours per day playing videogames will have almost no time to make new friends. Such children may become more depressed and lonely in their homes. They are also very likely to stop disbursal time on other activities such as sports, reading, and studying. Children stop being socially active, since they dont get involved in real-life events anymore.A child, who ends up spending most of his or her time playing videogames, does not get a chance to think creatively and independently, due to the fact that videogames reduce a childs imaginative thinking. This kind of thinking is crucial in developing a childs creativity. By encouraging isolation, videogames may also put a childs health at a serious risk. Since such kids do not lead a healthy lifestyle, due to the lack of sports and social activities, children, who are used to spending the majority of their time playing videogames, are very likely to suffer from obesity, and muscular and postural disorders.Quite a large number of videogames are addictive. Rather than studying or completing homework, a child spends time playing videogames, because the addiction wins over this child. When a child spends an large amount of time playing such videogames, he or she becomes socially isolated. Some of the negative effects as a result of playing these kind of videogames among children can be blamed on the addictiveness of these games. ascribable to the lack of time, which a child has while not playing games, he or she does not have an opportunity for rich social life (Anderson and Bushman 353-359). The child who spends almost the whole day playing videogames will have little time to meet and make new friends. They may very easily become more depressed and lonely in their homes. Children will also spend little time on other activities such as sports, reading, and doing homework. These children become socially inactive since they do not get involved in almost any social activities. Such video games reduce a childs imagination as well. This basically means that children who spend most of their time playing videogames do not get a chance to think creatively or independently. imaginative thinking is essential in developing a childs creativity. By promoting isolation, videogames may have some effects on a childs health.Quite some videogames may teach children wrong values (Gunter). Videogames encourage children to associate positive emotions such as happiness and pleasure with the ability to cause pain to others. They develop the touching that they have to hurt other people in order to be happy themselves. Children who play videogames usually tend to develop selfish behavior (Anderson and Bushman 353-359). Videogames make the players depend on them. As a child is very often left alone, while playing a videogame, he or she can develop this dependent behavior. A study, which was done at a Minneapolis-based national institute for media, found out that kids can get addicted to videogames and exhibit social phobias. Video games are quite different from other visual types of media, because of their interactivity. The games allow players to be active participants in the storyline. In games the players, who benefit from acts of violence, are able to proceed to the near level.Violence in children behaviour has increased, as a negative result of playing videogames. There are a lot of incidents of violent and aggressive behaviour among children, who play violent videogames worldwide (Gunter). Right after these incidents, the most of newspaper articles claimed that the key cause of that incident was violent videogames.The effects of violent games arent equal for everyone. short-term effects in the lab are discovered to be bigger for undergraduate men than women ( Bartholow and Anderson 283-290), and younger children are at a bigger risk of being affected by violent games if theyve got a high level on a personality trait, called neuroticism, and a low level on the traits agreeability and conscientiousness (Markey and Markey 82-91). In terms of the game, playing with a customised avatar was found to cause more aggressive and violent behaviour, than when playing with a generic causa (Fischer, Kastenmller and Greitemeyer 192-195).ConclusionAlthough the link between real-life violence and video game violence is still debated, and certainly other factors have a more significant influence on aggression. The impact of video games violence on the behavioural development of children is quite obvious both in the short-term and the long-term. The effectiveness of video games is a very important issue for society, and at the same time a benefit, because their effects can be both negative and positive indeed it would be extremely hard to argue for one o f these positions without the other. What is crucial is that we understand what aspects of game play behaviour have an influence, and on whom they have it. So whats the final answer to my question Should any restrictions be applied to violence in future video games to prevent any negative changes in childrens behavior? Its quite simple. No new restrictions should be applied to violent video games in the future. Partly, its because the effects of this kind of violence are different from one person to another, so they can also be positive and partly because other factors usually affect childrens behaviour more, than video game violence. Althogh, parents can take some action to prevent possible negative impact of video games. For example, limit the number of ours, their children spend playing, or simply not allow kids to play games, which they consider too violent.BibliographyGreitemeyer, Tobias and Dirk O. Mgge. Video Games Do Affect Social Outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 40.5 (2014) 578-589. Web. 22 Dec. 2016Library, CNN. Columbine High School Shootings Fast Facts CNN.Com. CNN. N.p., 2017. Web. 16 Dec. 2016The Columbine Shooters Video Game Addicts?. NY Daily News. N.p., 2017. Web. 16 Dec. 2016Bavelier, Daphne, C. Shawn Green, and Matthew W.G. Dye. Children, Wired For Better And For Worse. Neuron 67.5 (2010) 692-701. Web. 4 Dec. 2016Polman, Hanneke, Bram Orobio de Castro, and Marcel A.G. van Aken. Experimental Study Of The Differential personal effects Of playacting Versus Watching cherry-red Video Games On Childrens Aggressive appearance. Aggressive Behavior 34.3 (2008) 256-264. Web. 12 Dec. 2016Ferguson, Christopher John. The Good, The Bad And The Ugly A Meta-Analytic Review Of Positive And Negative Effects Of red Video Games. Psychiatric Quarterly 78.4 (2007) 309-316. Web. 17 Dec. 2016Porter, Guy and Vladan Starcevic. Are Violent Video Games Harmful?. Australasian Psychiatry 15.5 (2007) 422-426. Web. 20 Dec. 2016Persky, Susan and Jim Blascovich. Immersive Virtual Video Game Play And Presence Influences On Aggressive Feelings And Behavior. Presence Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 17.1 (2008) 57-72. Web. 25 Nov. 2016Ferguson, Christopher J. et al. Not Worth The Fuss After All? Cross-Sectional And potential Data On Violent Video Game Influences On Aggression, Visuospatial Cognition And Mathematics Ability In A Sample Of Youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42.1 (2012) 109-122. Web. 4 Dec. 2016Carnagey, Nicholas L., Craig A. Anderson, and Brad J. Bushman. The Effect Of Video Game Violence On physiologic Desensitization To Real-Life Violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 43.3 (2007) 489-496. Web. 13 Dec. 2016Anderson, Craig A, Nicholas L Carnagey, and Mindy Flanagan. Violent Video Games Specific Effects Of Violent Content On Aggressive Thoughts And Behavior. 1st ed. 2004. PrintBushman, Brad J. and Craig A. Anderson. Comfortably Numb Desensitizing Effects Of Violent Media On Helping Others. Ps ychological Science 20.3 (2009) 273-277. Web. 14 Dec. 2016Engelhardt, Christopher R. et al. This Is Your Brain On Violent Video Games Neural Desensitization To Violence Predicts Increased Aggression hobby Violent Video Game Exposure. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 47.5 (2011) 1033-1036. Web. 21 Dec. 2016Willoughby, Teena, Paul J. C. Adachi, and Marie Good. A Longitudinal Study Of The Association Between Violent Video Game Play And Aggression Among Adolescents.. Developmental Psychology 48.4 (2012) 1044-1057. Web. 19 Dec. 2016Anderson, C. A. and B. J. Bushman. Effects Of Violent Video Games On Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, And Prosocial Behavior A Meta-Analytic Review Of The Scientific Literature. Psychological Science 12.5 (2001) 353-359. Web. 13 Dec. 2016Gunter, Barrie. The Effects Of Video Games On Children. 1st ed. Sheffield, England Sheffield Academic Press, 1998. PrintFischer, Peter, Andreas Kastenmller, and Tob ias Greitemeyer. Media Violence And The self-importance The Impact Of Personalized Gaming Characters In Aggressive Video Games On Aggressive Behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46.1 (2010) 192-195. Web. 16 Dec. 2016Markey, Patrick M. and Charlotte N. Markey. Vulnerability To Violent Video Games A Review And Integration Of Personality Research.. Review of General Psychology 14.2 (2010) 82-91. Web. 18 Dec. 2016Bartholow, Bruce D. and Craig A. Anderson. Effects Of Violent Video Games On Aggressive Behavior Potential Sex Differences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38.3 (2002) 283-290. Web. 15 Dec. 2016Publications, Harvard. Violent Video Games And Young People Harvard Health. Harvard Health. N.p., 2017. Web. 18 Dec. 2016John Bingham. Study Finds No Evidence Violent Video Games Make Children Aggressive. The Telegraph. N.p., 2017. Web. 15 Dec. 2016